austria after ww2

Hitler ordered troops to the Austrian border, prepared for a full-scale military assault into Austria to support the National Socialists. Manfried Rauchensteiner/ Wolfgang Etschmann (Graz 1997); and Österreich unter alliierter Besatzung, 1945-1955, ed. By now, the body of available literature in the former Soviet Union enables a significant level of insight into the thinking, planning, and decision-making of the Soviet authorities, both in the Kremlin and in the Soviet administration, both military and civilian, stationed in Austria. Elisabeth Boeckl-Klamper, Thomas Mang, Wolfgang Neugebauer: Peter Broucek "Die österreichische Identität im Widerstand 1938–1945" (2008), p 163. The Leverage of the Weak (London 1999) 151. Many of the standard works contain no more than fleeting references to the Austrian Cold War experience.9 More importantly, in the existing literature a heavy imbalance exists between studies based on documentation from the western Allied side and documentary evidence from Soviet sources. 271. The "victim theory" became a fundamental myth of Austrian society.

Günter Bischof/ Josef Leidenfrost (Innsbruck 1988); Österreich 1945-1955. Aid provided by the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration and, from 1948, support given by the United States under the Marshall Plan made survival possible. The early international historical writing on the period of the First Cold War in Austria, roughly coinciding with the occupation decade, was undertaken by two Americans, one of whom had himself been a member of the Allied administration of Austria. [3], The origins of National Socialism in Austria have been disputed and continues to be debated. Because of similar suspicions, agreement on the division of Austrian zones of Allied occupation was delayed until July 1945. First published by Akadeemia 1/2006 (Estonian version), Contributed by Akadeemia Wolfgang Müller, "Sowjetbesatzung, Nationale Front und der "friedliche Übergang zum Sozialismus". From 1945 to 1952 Austria had to struggle for survival. The German Government subjected Austria to systematic agitation. Whereas only the KPÖ decidedly spoke against the annexation in the course of the 1920s and 1930s, the monarchists originally spoke up against the annexation and later turned to favor it, after the Bavarian Soviet Republic had failed, and Germany had a conservative government.
It was then part of the Austro-Hungarian empire. The stationing of troops in Austria provided international legitimacy for a continued Soviet military presence in Hungary and Romania. SBZ-Handbuch, Staatliche Verwaltungen, Parteien, gesellschaftliche Organisationen und ihre Führungskräfte in der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone Deutschlands 1945-1949 (München 1990); Stefan Creuzberger, Die Sowjetische Militäradministration in Deutschland (SMAD) 1945-1949 (Melle 1991); Norman M. Naimark, The Russians in Germany. Many thousand supporters of the Nazi party were arrested. Nazi supporters generated a wave of terrorism which crested in early June with four deaths and 48 people injured. When, however, the December Conference of the Council of Foreign Ministers broke down over Germany the Soviet Union grasped at the opportunity of keeping the Austrian discussions alive, and the subsequent negotiations of the Deputies in the spring of 1948 clearly indicated that they were now prepared to envisage the conclusion of a Treaty, with its corollary of the withdrawal of the occupying forces. – Das Wort kann ich schon nicht mehr hören!“ in: Der Standard 23 Dezember 2017. In 1909 lawyer, Walter Riehl joined the party and he became leader in 1918.

Austria is also of importance to the Soviet Government as a “western-minded” country in which their victory has given them a military footing, and as a potentially valuable channel for their political infiltration of Western Europe. The Western powers, afraid that the Renner government might be an instrument of communist expansion, withheld full recognition until the autumn of 1945. Germany rescinded the requirement for a payment of a thousand marks for entry into Austria. [12], In March 1938 the local Gauleiter of Gmunden, Upper Austria, gave a speech to the local Austrians and told them that the "traitors" of Austria were to be thrown into the newly opened Mauthausen concentration camp. Bruno Kreisky, who had to leave the country for political reasons and because of his Jewish origin, emigrated to Sweden. In Vienna, Aspern met Heinrich Himmler of the SS accompanied by many police and SS officials to take over the Austrian police. In Zwettl and Innsbruck however they got more than 40%, and they tried to lever this into a basis for agitation against the ruling Patriotic Front. From: Joint Intelligence Committee Report “Russian Interests, Intentions and Capabilities”, 23 July 1948. Copyright © 1998-2020 Eurozine, www.eurozine.com.
The native Austrian-born Hitler wrote in Mein Kampf on the first page of the book: "German Austria must return to the great German motherland" and "common blood belongs in a common Reich". The two opposed each other. Heinz Gärtner, Zwischen Moskau und Österreich: Analyse einer sowjetabhängigen KP (Wien 1979) 116.

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