contour feather diagram

Various skin structures formed in the epidermis are made of keratin. Large animals like elephants have the opposite problem. Feathers vary considerably in structure and function. Opening of the shaft located at the lower portion of the calamus; it is implanted in the skin.
animals that have lost toes in the process of evolution and walk on the “nails” of the remaining toes.

This page was last edited on 14 June 2020, at 20:00.

Hollow corneous anterior portion of the shaft of the contour feather extending through the rachis.

Have questions or comments? Understanding even just the basic structures of the feather can provide an immense amount of information on the animal itself.

If you look carefully at a feather you can see that on either side of each barb are thousands of barbules that lock together by a complex system of hooks and notches.

True horns are made of keratin and are found in sheep, goats and cattle. end of the toe and may be used for grasping, grooming, digging or in defense. The skin also protects the body from physical damage and bacterial invasion.

They are shed each year and are often branched, especially in older animals. The horns on the head of giraffes are made of bone covered with skin and hair, and the ‘horn’ of a rhinoceros is made of modified and fused hair-like structures. They protect the end of the toe and may be used for grasping, grooming, digging or in defense. This superior insulation is necessary to help maintain the high body temperatures of birds. worn away and grow continuously from a growth layer at their base (see diagram 5.2). 6. They are never branched and, once grown, are never shed. They are not formed in the epidermis and do not consist of keratin but are entire of bone. The horn itself forms as a hollow cone-shaped sheath around the bone (see diagram 5.4). Many important skin structures are made of keratin.

When an animal is in a cold environment and needs to reduce heat loss the erector muscles contract causing the hair or feathers to rise up and increase the layer of insulating air trapped by them.

Hair is also made of keratin and develops in the epidermis.

The contour feathers form the majority of the covering feathers and filo-plumes remain in between the contour feathers. The preen gland, situated Fantastic article on bird feathers with great pictures. It is this part of the skin of cattle and pigs etc. Pin feathers have a slender hair-like shaft often with a tiny tuft of barbs on the end. to touch pain and temperature.

They are continually When growing they are covered in the skin called velvet that forms the bone. Reptiles, birds, and mammals all have nails or claws on the ends of their toes. Amphibia (frogs) and reptiles are said to be”cold blooded” (poikilothermic) because their body temperature approximately follows that of the environment.

Countour feathers are large feathers that cover the body, wings and tail. Pin feathers have a slender hair-like shaft often with a tiny tuft of barbs on the end. Diagram 5.12b) - Increase of heat loss by skin.

This is one reason that these large animals tend to have sparse coverings of hair.

It is therefore not surprising that many of the mechanisms for controlling the temperature of the body operate here. Name two mechanisms by means of which the skin helps prevent heat loss when an animal is in a cold environment. In the form of feathers, it provides These are animals that have lost toes in the process of evolution and walk on the “nails” of the remaining toes. Sebaceous glands secrete an oily secretion into the hair follicle. Other animals have projections on their heads that are not true horns either.

The hair itself consists of layers of dead keratin-containing cells and usually lies at a slant in the skin. the azimuths of structural features) are plotted as lines or points and then joined to form contours linking areas of equal density of data, thus providing a visual description of the range and concentration of the data.

Keratin is an extremely important substance for it makes the skin waterproof. They have an expanded Hoofs are found in sheep, cows, horses etc. In the body of the nestling it is called powdered down feather.

Sweat, sebaceous and mammary glands all have ducts to the outside.

These include: 4. Most vertebrates have exocrine glands in the skin that produce a variety of secretions. Melanin also colors the skin and variations in the amount of melanin produce colors from pale yellow to black. It has a complex structure, being composed of many different tissues. Diagram 5.12a) Reduction of heat loss by skin. Like the scales of reptiles, and those on the feet of birds, feathers are made of keratin, a fibrous protein also found in hair.

A moderate amount of UV in sunlight is necessary for the skin to form vitamin D. This vitamin prevents bone disorders like rickets to which animals reared indoors are susceptible. Skin cancer can also result from excessive exposure to the sun.

Small soft light feathers usually located at the base of the main feathers on the abdomen; they help to insulate the body. between the other feathers and help tell a bird how its feathers are lying (see diagram 5.9). This is common in humans, but light skinned The hoof is a cylinder of horny material that surrounds and protects the tip of the toe (see diagram The slime on the skin of fish and frogs is mucus produced by skin glands and some fish and frogs also produce

They have only a relatively small skin area in relation to their total volume and may have trouble keeping cool.
afterfeather Small soft light feathers usually located at the base of the main feathers on the abdomen; they help to insulate the body. that lie in the dermis. This surface is formed by barbs that extend out from the central shaft. 7. Now use this Skin Test Yourself to see how much you have learned and remember. This takes blood flow to deeper levels, so reducing heat loss and causing pale skin (see diagram 5.12a). The

Endocrine glands have no ducts and release their products (hormones) directly into the bloodstream. These kind of glands are known as: 5.

It covers the body of most mammals where it acts as an insulator and helps to regulate the temperature of the body (see below). The skin, sometimes known as the Integumentary System is, in fact, the largest organ of the body. The amount of heat that can be lost from the surface of the body is related to the area of skin an animal has in relation to the total volume of its body. However, these structures do not originate in the dermis but are derived from the epidermis. Later the velvet is shed to leave the bony antler. The whiskers of cats and the spines of hedgehogs are examples of special types of hairs. The number

They are never branched and, once grown, are never shed. 2. animals like cats and pigs can also be sunburned, especially on the ears. File:Anatomy and physiology of animals Carnivores claw.jpg. The most familiar is the contour feather. The two layers that form the skin are the a). Unless otherwise noted, LibreTexts content is licensed by CC BY-NC-SA 3.0.

From Wikibooks, open books for an open world, 1. if this arrangement becomes disrupted, the bird uses its beak to draw the barbs and barbules together again in an action known as preening (see diagram 5.7). True horns are made of keratin and are found in sheep, goats, and cattle.

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