cordoba history

Some of those that remain are: Scattered throughout the city are ten statues of the Archangel Raphael, protector and custodian of the city. Córdoba’s intellectual influence was still being felt in Christian Europe many centuries later. © Córdoba’s Moorish character and its fine buildings—especially the Great Mosque—have made it a popular tourist attraction. History of Cordoba Cordoba's history can be traced back to prehistoric times, up to Neanderthal activity, but the first historical reference is probably the Carthaginian settlement of 'Kart-uba', literally meaning "the City of Juba", from the name of a commander who died in a battle nearby. The Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba is the most important monument of all the Western Islamic world, and one of the most amazing in the world. [71] The museum was officially opened in 1867 and shared space with the Museum of Fine Arts until 1920. It declined under the rule of the Visigoths from the 6th to the early 8th century ad. During these Muslim periods, Córdoba was transformed into a world leading center of education and learning, producing notable figures such as Averroes, Ibn Hazm, and Al-Zahrawi,[9][10] and by the 10th century it had grown to be the second-largest city in Europe. The new Umayyad commanders established themselves within the city and in 716 it became a provincial capital, subordinate to the Caliphate of Damascus; in Arabic it was known as قرطبة (Qurṭuba). But after his death bands of Berber troops terrorised Córdoba and the caliphate descended into anarchy. Roman governor Claudius Marcelus developed the settlement, then known as Corduba, and made it the major town in the southern part of the Iberian peninsula. www.mezquitadecordoba.org is not the official website of the Cathedral Mosque of Cordoba, nor does it have any relationship with any official body linked to it. A Roman forum is known to have existed in the city in 113 BC. © Tour Spain .org: Spain Travel | Site Map | Contact with us | Links to other sites | Link to us | TourSpain's travel Blog.
Oxford Classical Dictionary (2003), p. 95f. Cordoba History . Under the Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba (929-1032), Spain had become a cultured, urbanized society and was a world leader in the development of art, science and culture. The registered maximum temperature at the Córdoba Airport, located at 6 kilometres (4 miles) from the city, was 46.9 °C (116.4 °F) on 13 July 2017. [citation needed]. To reinforce Moorish might in Spanish Christian territories, the feared warrior Al-Mansur embarked on a violent rampage through northern Spain and, upon entering Santiago de Compostela, he conceived of an ingenious way in which to outrage his enemies. This website uses proprietary and third-party cookies to optimize your browsing, adapt to your preferences and perform analytical work. The city is home to 12 Christian churches that were built (many as transformations of mosques) by Ferdinand III of Castile after the reconquest of the city in the 13th century. Córdoba also has a professional futsal team, Córdoba Patrimonio de la Humanidad, which plays in the Primera División de Futsal. Cordoba is a city that is architecturally fascinating and rich in history. The population gradually learned copper and silver metallurgy.

Unlike other Iberian towns, no capitulation was signed and the position was taken by storm. The Governing Board, chaired by the mayor, consists of four IU councillors, three of PSOE, and three non-elected members. By 800 the megacity of Córdoba supported over 200,000 residents, 0.1 per cent of the global population. This basilic, of rectangular shape, was shared for a period of time between Moslems and Christians. Cordoba History Welcome to a brief journey through the history of Cordoba. [39] The conquest was followed by the return to Santiago de Compostela of the church bells that had been looted by Almanzor and moved to Córdoba by Christian war prisoners in the late 10th century.

we use cookies to improve your experience on our website. [11][12] It was conquered by the Kingdom of Castile through the Christian Reconquista in 1236. Ferdinand III of Castile entered the city on 29 June 1236, following a siege of several months. The lowest registered temperature was −8.2 °C (17.2 °F), on 28 January 2005.[59]. Granada. As of July 2008, the city is divided into 10 administrative districts, coordinated by the Municipal district boards, which in turn are subdivided into neighbourhoods: Córdoba's main sports team is its association football team, Córdoba CF, which plays in the Spanish Segunda División B following a brief one-season tenure in La Liga during the 2014-15 season. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān I founded the Great Mosque of Córdoba, which was enlarged by his successors and completed about 976 by Abū ʿĀmir al-Manṣūr. [60][61][62][63], Built in 930 AD, the mosque that this minaret adorned has been replaced by a church and the minaret re-purposed as a tower. The site is divided into 5 different areas, corresponding each one of them to the different expansions that have occurred on it. [citation needed] Another, suggested in 1799 by José Antonio Conde, is that the name comes from a Phoenician-Punic word qrt ṭwbh meaning 'good town'. The city is also noted for its textile manufactures, traditional medieval handicrafts, and its manufacture of gold and silver ornaments and products in copper, bronze, and aluminum. After a change of rulers the situation changed quickly. [58] It has the highest summer average daily temperatures in Europe (with highs averaging 36.9 °C (98 °F) in July) and days with temperatures over 40 °C (104 °F) are common in the summer months. They were to act both as churches and as the administrative centres in the neighborhoods into which the city was divided in medieval times. The putschists were met by the resistance of the political and social representatives who had gathered in the civil government headquarters,[48] and remained there until the Nationalist rifle fire and the presence of artillery broke their morale. In January 2004 the plaques reading "His Excellency the Head of State and Generalissimo of all the Armies, Francisco Franco Bahamonde, opened this bridge of the Guadalquivir on 29 April 1953", which were on both sides of each of the entrances of the bridge, were removed. Near the cathedral is the old Jewish quarter, which consists of many irregular streets, such as Calleja de las Flores and Calleja del Pañuelo, and which is home to the Synagogue and the Sephardic House. It is only in the late 19th century that Cordoba resumed its growth.

[31] Córdoba was seized by force in March 1091 by the Almoravids. Up the river, near the Miraflores bridge, is the "Hombre Río", a sculpture of a swimmer looking to the sky and whose orientation varies depending on the current. Córdoba’s heyday came under Abd ar-Rahman III (91261), who in 929 named himself caliph to set the seal on Al-Andalus’ independence of the Abbasid caliphs in Baghdad. History. Precipitation is concentrated in the coldest months; this is due to the Atlantic coastal influence. The city served as the capital in exile of the Umayyad Caliphate and various other emirates. History shows how Cordoba started off as a bustling Roman metropolis. [28], As the caliphate collapsed, so did Córdoba's economic and political hegemony, and it subsequently became part of the Taifa of Córdoba. been studying the creation of a Córdoba Metropolitan Area that would comprise, in addition to the capital itself, the towns of Villafranca de Córdoba, Obejo, La Carlota, Villaharta, Villaviciosa, Almodóvar del Río and Guadalcázar. After a period of instability, Cordoba lost its Al-Andalus capital status to Seville. Surrounding the large Old town are the Roman walls: gates include the Puerta de Almodóvar, the Puerta de Sevilla and Puerta del Puente, which are the only three gates remaining from the original thirteen. [45] The city was also eventually connected to Málaga and Belmez.

The closest airports to the city are Seville Airport (110 km as the crow flies), Granada Airport (118 km) and Málaga Airport (136 km).[91][92]. When he destroyed the cathedral at Santiago de Compostela, home of the Santiago cult, he had its bells carried to Córdoba by Christian slaves and hung upside down as oil lamps in the Mezquita. Córdoba’s intellectual traditions, however, lived on.

Panoramics of Córdoba as drawn by Anton van den Wyngaerde in 1567, In the context of the Early Modern Period, the city experienced a golden age between 1530 and 1580, profiting from an economic activity based on the trade of agricultural products and the preparation of clothes originally from Los Pedroches, peaking at a population of about 50,000 by 1571. Córdoba’s Mosque-Cathedral is a stunning monument to the two religions and cultures that have shaped Andalusia: Islam and Christianity. A long and slow decline then followed, particularly after Renaissance times, though Cordoba's intellectual influence was still felt for centuries throughout Europe. Answer: it's both; waldomiguez, pixabay, The famous double-arches in the mosque's main hall; Amoniaq, pixabay, The mosque's main entrance; waldomiguez, pixabay. In Roman times, the city had more cultural buildings than Rome. [13], The name Córdoba has attracted a number of fanciful explanations. Prehistory, antiquity and Roman foundation of the city, C. F. Seybold and M. Ocaña Jiménez, “Ḳurṭuba”, in. In 711 Córdoba was captured and largely destroyed by the Muslims. Remains of the Roman Temple built by Claudius Marcellus, the Roman Bridge (illustration, right) and other Roman remains can still be seen around the city. Other Roman remains include the Roman Temple, the Theatre, Mausoleum, the Colonial Forum, the Forum Adiectum, an amphitheater and the remains of the Palace of Emperor Maximian in the archaeological site of Cercadilla. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. This event was followed by a fight for power until Hisham III, the last of the Umayyads, was routed from Córdoba in 1031. Nowadays, some of the constructive elements of the Visigoth building are integrated in the first part of Abderraman I.

In 711, when the Moors took Andalusia from the Christians, the Visigoth structure was divided into two halves and used as a place of worship by both Muslims and Christians – a remarkable act of tolerance, given the fervour of the times. [19][full citation needed] It was sacked by Caesar in 45 due to its Pompeian allegiance, and settled with veterans by Augustus. [72], The Julio Romero de Torres Museum is located next to the Guadalquivir river and was opened in November 1931. Lonely Planet. While Sanchuelo was away fighting Alfonso V of Leon, a revolution made Mohammed II al-Mahdi the Caliph. As of 2019[update] José María Bellido Roche (PP) is the mayor of Córdoba. Oxford Classical Dictionary (2003), p. 96ff.
Interior, Great Mosque of Córdoba, Spain, begun 785. [79], Tourism is especially intense in Córdoba during May as this month hosts three of the most important annual festivals in the city:[80]. His death was the beginning of the end of Córdoba. [50][51][52] The ensuing Francoist repression in wartime and in the immediate post-war period (1936–1951) is estimated to have led to around 9,579 killings in the province.[53]. Towers and fortresses include the Malmuerta Tower, Torre de Belén and the Puerta del Rincón's Tower.

Jardines del Conde de Vallellano, located on both sides of the avenue of the same name.

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